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Individualism or Collectivism
My life, my call. The individual is the unit. Or: We decide together. Family and group come first.
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Capitalism or Communism
Earn it, keep it, grow it. Markets reward effort. Or: Share by need. Enough is enough.
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Holistic or Reductive
See the whole. Trust intuition and how things connect. Or: Break it into parts. Measure, test, analyse.
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Internal-focused or External-focused
Inner peace and growth are the scoreboard. Or: What you achieve and build in the world is the scoreboard.
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More control or Less control
Plan, structure, clear rules. Or: Go with the flow. Fewer rules, more freedom.
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People or Systems
Pick the right people and trust their judgement. Or: Design the right rules and incentives so it works whoever is there.
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Asceticism or Hedonism
Restraint and going without make life better. Or: Life is to be enjoyed. Pleasure is not a vice.
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Past-oriented or Future-oriented
Lineage, tradition, lessons of history. Or: Possibilities, plans, what comes next.
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Highly trusting or Highly cynical
Trust first, until proven wrong. Or: Verify first, until trust is earned.
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Process-oriented or Outcome-oriented
The craft and the way it's done matter most. Or: Results matter most.
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High risk tolerance or Low risk tolerance
Take the shot. Or: Protect the downside.
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Tribalism or Universalism
My people first. That's what makes a group strong. Or: Everyone counts equally, wherever they're from.
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Idealism or Utilitarianism
Some principles are not negotiable, whatever the result. Or: The right choice is the one with the best overall outcome.
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Global or Local
Citizen of the world. Or: Rooted in a place and its people.
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Specific or Abstract
Concrete cases, stories, how it works in practice. Or: Principles, theories, the pattern behind many cases.